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Raffaele Sergio Cusani Caglari

Raul Gardini and Gabriele Cagliari







On July 20, 1993, President Gabriele Cagliari of ENI was found dead from suffocation, wearing a plastic bag, in the baths of San Victor where he went to take a shower. The 23, three days after the death of Cagliari, at seven in the morning, the mayor of the palace Belgaum is down on the bed, the "pirate" of the Ferruzzi, Gardini had just fired a shot in the head with a Walter PPK.

Cagliari's suicide was due (at least believed) to the scandal that had engulfed the summit of ENI for a big bribe of 17 billion, much of which was paid to almost all political parties at the conclusion of an exclusive agreement between ENI and the insurance company SAI Salvatore Ligresti: thanks to the mega-bribe was made out of the INA. Cagliari for days hoping to be released, so at least he had suggested the PM Fabio De Pasquale, but July 19 was arrested Salvatore Ligresti that had provided a different version than the one provided by the Chairman of ENI. The Milan prosecutors, who feared returning to Cagliari in freedom, could contaminate the evidence and therefore the release order was suspended. The manager reacted badly: the arrest had particularly tried, about ten days earlier he had written to his wife and children in a desperate letter, in which he asked forgiveness for a that it was going to give to family. He had also written a will in which he asked to be cremated. A suicide bomb-proof, and is likely to be exactly what happened.

But it is also true that the letters of despair and threats of suicide are part of the baggage of operations practiced by all prisoners, more or less consciously, to put pressure on judges.

Certainly the disappointment at the lack of freedom, which at one point had seemed imminent, the president of ENI provoked a profound despair. Were very serious controversy that engulfed the pool of Milan magistrates, Borrelli just learned of the suicide of Cagliari burst into tears in the elevator. Just

seventy-two hours later, here is the suicide excellent, indeed most excellent. Raul Gardini the descent had begun the year before, in 1991 when he ousted the management of Ferruzzi and had succeeded his brother in law Carlo Sama and chief Giuseppe Garofano. That morning, late in the day, the magistrates would have to meet to define his situation: There was an arrest warrant, but he hoped to avoid it demonstrated its willingness to cooperate fully.

A lot of worry was the arrest of Giuseppe Garofano, which occurred two days earlier, on 24. At the heart of the charges related to him and Ferruzzi was the "huge" Enimont tangent, about three billion paid to the DC IN Forlani.

A story that Pink knew very well. At seven in the morning, Gardini has already had a shower, it is still in bathrobes when the leading newspapers, cappuccino and a croissant: and it is just as it is going to breakfast and his eye falls on a front-page headline of "Republic" < Tangenti, Garofano accusa Gardini> Raul understands that it's over (at least that the simplest explanation), opens the drawer bedside table and fires a shot in the head.

Gardini leaves no will or letter, except for a note written on a simple "thank you", but then it was discovered that dated from the previous Christmas and the answer was a gift he received from his wife Irina.

But why he was there, in Bela Vista, two men in crisis, the failure of which threatened to overwhelm their families, knowing to be the center of events for which Italy was crumbling at that time, had decided to take her life. Everything here, at least that far, we can tell.



The shadow of the mafia on Gardini reopened the investigation into the suicide
A service Espresso: after investigating the credentials of Caltanissetta Calcestruzzi asked to consider the case of Dia

The Prosecutor's Office has reopened the Caltanissetta ' inquiry into the suicide of Raul Gardini financier. The Express writes on the current issue today. After investigating alleged collusion between the mafia and the Concrete Society, asked the judges nisseni Dia to review the whole case. "The prosecutors - Write the authors - have ordered investigators to start from scratch, without neglecting anything. "In the light of new investigations," the conviction of Cosa Nostra pm has been to determine the disappearance of the "Farmer" who challenged the finance and politics. "
There are at least two elements of the crime scene investigators do not fully convinced of the hypothesis suicide. Thus, a further study was requested because ballistics, writes L'espresso quoting judicial sources," the gun fired two shots , a way unusual for a suicide, especially since no one felt the detonations and only several minutes after the body was found in a pool of blood. "The prosecutor took the Caltanissetta into consideration the note left by the Gardini family with the words "Thank You": "According to an expert - writes the weekly - could have been written even months before."
The investigation by prosecutors of Caltanissetta is linked to the cases already examined by an old survey of the public prosecutor in Palermo, renamed "criminal system", that "behind the massacres of 1992-93 there was the intention of the Cosa Nostra to prevent any inquiry into the monopoly procurement. "
But now, says The Express, "the judges would enjoy nisseni new facts, since the developments in the reconstruction of relations between Buscemi, godfathers of Palermo at Passo di Rigano and Gardini." In recent days, the investigating judge of Caltanissetta Giovanbattista Tona, at the request of prosecutors, has triggered some of custody orders against the operators of a quarry Nissen and two employees of the company's Concrete, Italcementi Group today. The company was placed under investigation for criminal association and false accounting.

August 11, 2006



Article

Espresso Two shots fired from his gun. The pressures of the men of Riina. And the link with the killing of Borsellino. That's why the investigation was reopened into the death

When the last day of June 1992 Leonardo Messina agreed to cooperate with the prosecutor Paolo Borsellino, first mafioso to repent after the massacre in Capaci, Raul Gardini was still at the helm of the Moor of Venice: the successful entrepreneur who had held Italians glued to TV for live coverage of the America's Cup night, provided by 'his' tv. But quell'interrogatorio Messina, a small boss on the shocking revelations by the global network of Cosa Nostra, said bluntly: "Toto Riina his money keeps them in concrete." At first it was transcribed with the 'c' lower-case as if it were any cement factory, but the man of honor once pointed out: "I mean Calcestruzzi spa. That is, the giant public works, the Italian leader in the field owned by the still more powerful Ferruzzi family, but according to this mafia of the province of Caltanissetta, in fact controlled by the godfather more fierce. Borsellino was struck by these words: aftermath of the killing of Giovanni Falcone had reopened the file of the Ros Monopoly Procurement. A radiograph of the plot between quarrying and construction which is the lung of Cosa Nostra: to build relationships with politicians and with the bourgeoisie of professionals, to create jobs and mark the domain of the territory. And earn increasingly large sums. "But if there are many people who can riciciclare few billion lire," Wallet said in the aftermath of the interrogation of Messina, "when you have to invest hundreds of billions there are few willing to do so. Entrepreneurs important in the mafia do not trust but can not do without. It is one of the fronts we are working on. "The Sicilian prosecutor did not have time to go ahead: 19 days after he was swept away in Via d'Amelio dall'autobomba. A year later, Gardini also left the scene. Two deaths according to the prosecutor of Caltanissetta, are directly linked.

nisseni why judges have reopened the investigation on the end of Gardini. And they did so with the conviction that what has been our determination to the disappearance of the 'peasants' who had challenged the finance and politics, then drop everything after the failure of the deal Enimont. Prosecutors have ordered investigators from the DIA to start from scratch, without neglecting anything. Calling for a new ballistics expert, in the hope that today's technologies can better reconstruct the dynamics of the shot. They do highlighting disturbing hypothesis: the gun fired two shots. One way unusual for a suicide. Especially since no one heard the detonations: according to the reconstruction, only after several minutes the body was found in a pool of blood by the butler. Beside him on the bed, the weapon. On a mobile ticket: the names of his children and his wife, followed by a single word 'Thank you'. A business that, according to an expert, could well have been written months earlier. But the whole crime scene was disturbed by rescuers: Can not find some references. For this reason, the prosecutor's office asked the experts clarify the issue of bullets. But it also wants to suffer from Give all family members and actors of those days of July 1993, the summer when the horror of massacres, financial crashes, deaths and arrests excellent changed the history of Italy. The first to be questioned as a witness will Idina Ferruzzi, his wife has never believed in suicide.



The Attorney Caltanissetta starts from an assumption old, already traveled in vain with an investigation dubbed 'criminal systems' and closed with the filing: behind the massacres of 1992-93 there was the intention of Cosa Nostra to prevent each survey Monopoly contracts. Now the prosecutors of Caltanissetta would enjoy new facts, some still secret, since the developments in the rebuilding of relationships with Buscemi, godfathers of Passo di Rigano: the estate of Salvatore Inzerillo, entrusted to them by Toto Riina in war for the loyalty and in business. Ten years ago it was discovered that the group Gardini and Buscemi were essentially members: each controls 50 percent of the Fins, created for doing business on the island. Then in '97 Fund, created by the collapse of Ferruzzi, sells everything to Italcementi. In Sicily, however, according to surveys, the hands of the Mafia are still clinging to the Concretes. A few days ago to end up in prison Riesi boss, Salvatore Paterna, clerk Calcestruzzi Spa, Joseph Ferraro, owner of the quarry and Billiemi Joseph John Laurino, called 'ù Gracciano', responsible for local company. People can keep secrets so provincial that have shaken the elite of Italian finance? Some of the most important repented in the last decade, among them Giovanni Brusca and Angelo Siino, stressed that the issue of the concrete was strategic for the people of Corleone. Falcone and Borsellino also would have moved on the same track. The request for IP storage 'systems criminals' prosecutors wrote: "Already in 1991 they opened their own investigation and disturbing scenarios if they had been carried out on the completeness and timeliness, by bringing to in a precise temporal and political environment would have a disruptive impact on Italian political and economic system before or simultaneously to Tangentopoli. "At stake were billions investments and key relationships for the mafia, who were defended at all costs . But if the bombs had cleared the two men a symbol of Palermo, the pool of Milan was able to move forward. Until July 23, 1993, when Gardini should have been present to answer charges on tangentone Enimont and relations between Ferruzzi and parties . All of which, his lawyers said at the time, was ready to make: until the late evening he had discussed the deposition, showing the determination of the time. The next morning, however, Gardini is found dead. Possible that the pressures of Cosa Nostra have weighed on this gesture? You may have been a murder? I am asking the Dia to use every tool to leave no doubt. And to investigate any possible connection with the bomb in Milan, exploded in the aftermath of the funeral via Palestro. According to the records of the trial, the bombers were wrong to target a few hundred meters. And Palace Belgaum, Gardini residence, was not far away.



many ghosts in Sicily, in which Sergio Cusani has never given credit: "The Concretes enjoyed absolute autonomy Panzavolta because Lorenzo had created and operated as an autocrat," he said in an interview: "A a point, after an attack, he jumped out the name of this Buscemi. Gardini was very annoyed by this story and within the group opened an investigation. Cusani Panzavolta presented Buscemi recalled that "as a manager of the company bought in Sicily." E Gardini describes upset, so much to get rid of the thinking, "I said, 'Sell the Concretes, and so I also sell Panzavolta'." But it was something I could do Gardini? You could say no to the shareholders of Palermo? And you could dismiss Panza, former partisan commander who held Romagna relations between Ferruzzi and the PCI, but also managed the national procurement of large family of Ravenna?

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day of silence in-law

July 1993 the last week manager of Ravenna, between clean hands and the collapse of the Ferruzzi. The judicial investigations are closed, questions no. By 'Sole-24 Ore on, "July 22, 2003
of Marco Magrini
From our
RAVENNA - Via Romolo Gessi prepares to become street Raul Gardini. Not tomorrow, which marks the tenth anniversary of the death of the most controversial businessman of Italian history, but in a few months. "I do not like anniversaries - Mercatali Vidmer explains, the mayor of Ravenna - but I know that this city feels the desire to pay tribute."
We see that the mayors have the pulse of the city. Ravenna Why is not someone who does not remember that managers with the infectious smile, greeting everyone in the street and demanded to maintain the ancient capital of the Roman Empire, the head and the heart of the second Italian private industrial group. "Even now we do not believe that we have killed - Department ensures Maria Teresa, who owns a fabric shop - why we have seen a man with as much joie de vivre." More or less the same say the news dealer, the dealer's records, the tobacconist, the keeper of the City. Which I have not yet recovered from the surprise at the drop of Ferruzzi, less noisy than that of the Roman Empire at the hands of barbarians, but so full of consequences.
exactly ten years from that storm that befallen Ravenna, after family intrigue, disaster management, litigation and showdowns in the government statement, the two wonders of Ravenna represent two unresolved questions: Why Gardini took his own life? Because the Ferruzzi group has been dissolved?

MONDAY. On 19 July of '93 was hot, hot. Rather than the summer sun, the climate of the country was red-hot "Clean Hands" investigation, that stood on the front pages with a daily bulletin of arrests and interrogations on the rumors. "Advised him to stand in France, in the waters to cool off," says Silvio Fabbri, a lawyer and old friend. But after two or three days of frenzy in the Riviera, Gardini returned to Milan. "He said he did not like to do the figure of the fugitive." Opening of the Milan Stock Exchange, the securities to be Peak Ferruzzi, the day before, former President Joseph Garofano Montedison had declared that "the '92 budget was false." E Gardini, who also was fired well before the leadership of the group - 7 June of '91, on his birthday - had nothing to complain.
The hunt had seemed an unthinkable affront to him that he had taken the reins of the group to the disappearance of her father Serafino. More so that she arrived in a strange moment: the first eight months following receipt of 2.805 billion by the dissolution of the joint venture Enimont, Gardini had left - in a gesture of dissent for the defeat imposed on him - all the offices of the group. After a month of reflection, was willing to go back to the command. But the brothers-Arthur, Frank and Alex said, no thanks. Rejected its proposal to purchase the Ferruzzi and dismissed her sister Ida, wife of Raul, with 505 billion and an agreement: Raul should have used some of that money to settle the case Bertini. Pino Berlin was a former employee Ferruzzi in Switzerland, using loans from the group with one hand, the other had funded (a system called back-to-back) to cover two incidents 89: soy (when the Chicago Board of Trade imposed Ferruzzi to a bloodbath because of speculative positions in question) and Victoire (The French company would secretly join Fondiaria, then attacked by the takeover bid of Suez Ferruzzi faced by investing in cross-Jean Marc Vernes). Gardini did: from Berlin took over the shares of the Cross with him parked. Then bought by the majority of the Sci Vernes, deferring to an entrepreneur with the newly Gardini Ltd. But his dream was only one: go back to having the Ferruzzi.

TUESDAY. The Chairman Gabriele Cagliari of ENI, in San Vittore Enimont the case, committed suicide at 9.40. "He was shocked - insurance should be Ballestrazzi, another longtime friend - as well as two months before he was struck by the suicide of the former French premier Pierre Bérégovoy, he knew well: "I do not know if I'd have all that courage," he said. " In the afternoon, Gardini will meet again with lawyers De Luca and Flick, who confirmed that Antonio Di Pietro has not yet agreed to meet him to hear his spontaneous statements. "He felt powerless - yet Fabbri said - and complained:" What can I try? I ask Sama documents, but he gives them to me "." Carlo Sama, husband of Alexandra, was the dolphin Gardini, and then asks place after the divorce. In Ravenna, where everyone knows where the time ran a furniture shop in Via Antica Zecca, speak of it as a modern Iago, who stabbed behind the leader of the Moor of Venice. "I do not I have no doubt - says a former manager of the group - that Sama has managed the divorce in order to bring the Ferruzzi to the spheres of politics. Politicians who had not quite digested the rudeness of Gardini, at the end of the story Enimont. But the politicians did not have to turn the estimation of too impetuous Gardini.
as evidenced by a manuscript found by 'Sole-24 Ore "[and reproduced here in pdf format.] '88 Gardini had received from De Mita and Occhetto - or by majority and opposition -" sufficient guarantees "on tax cuts as a result the conferment of the Montedison chemical activities of the joint venture. But then colliding twice with the Parliament's Nyet, he lived as an intolerable affront. Rome did not like the attempt to climb Enimont Gardini, which is made useless by the seizure of the actions decided by Judge Curt Diego (later convicted of corruption for this). Nor is the famous shot - "The chemistry I am" - with which he applied to the role of deus ex machina of an industry that gave employment to 89 people 177mila. Today I 133mila.

WEDNESDAY. Pink returned to the microphone of the judiciary. I already told the evening news of abstruse operations back-to-back to plug the hole in the soy and also the indefinite tangent Enimont. "When I arrived in Milan - Hole says Paul, a former member of Serafino and former president of the industrial Ravenna - Raul found a broken and confused. I convinced him to call Angelo Vianello, his crew, and have him prepare the boat for the next day, in Marina di Ravenna. She was afraid of prison and the bad impression internationally. But above all, knew that he would never get his Ferruzzi. Mediobanca did not want. "
Raul Gardini and Enrico Cuccia is respected but not loved. The day of climbing Montedison - already a key weak due Filodrammatici, after the takeover of the Mario Schimberni Fondiaria - Mediobanca was put under the protection of the Ferruzzi group. With a three-page document dated February 4, 1988, Gardini Mediobanca agreed to consult on any strategic move in the program. When he arrived at maturity, the two have quarreled seriously only twice: when Gardini was appointed chairman of the directors proposed by refusing Fondiaria Cuccia, Gardini, and when he sold half of Fondiaria Camillo De Benedetti. Too bad that Mediobanca was the queen of the game. Shortly before the release of
Gardini, the Ferruzzi had 19.061 trillion lire in debt gross (7,800 net), Raul had in mind to sell the Concretes and had already explained to the family plan to move the control group in France, dilute and pocketing 700 billion. For two years after the divorce, the trial was put Calcestruzzi shopping in Greece, and Italy has remained in control and debt share rose to 31.5 trillion. "I remember with horror the day the fax machine began to spit out dozens of letters," says another former manager of the Ferruzzi. "They were the banks, we revoked the trust and asked to return their debts. In those circumstances, any group would be missed. "

THURSDAY. Nothing and no boat Marina di Ravenna. It is now certain: the arrest warrant is ready, it will be signed tomorrow. Gliel'hanno lawyers said. The cigarettes go away one after another, along with memory, perhaps ever admitted to mistakes, the missed opportunities, the betrayals. If one is dressed in the legend of jaunty, able to make war on the bowsprit of the boats so as to New Zealand strong powers in the capital, is because he knows he can not go back, that he could never go back on his word. Gardini is shaken. But Idina calms and encourages it to return that night in Ravenna, the capital of his world.
Ravenna, 1980. When the quarantasettenne Raul took his reins, the Ferruzzi invoiced $ 3 trillion, 80% and 20% with trading with the industry. Eleven years later, after the acquisitions Montedison (paid 2.5 trillion), Beghin Say, Cerestar, Lesieur, Koipe and Central Soya, invoiced 17 thousand billion: in Italy, Ravenna was second only to Turin. But now the Ferruzzi was no longer the same. "One day in May two months before his death - said Roberto Michetti, former Director-General of Gardini Srl - told me that the Ferruzzi family had offered to come back. I asked him if he was happy and he replied: "I thought it would come earlier." I think he meant that the situation was too compromised. " But we tried anyway.
May 21 at sunset, Gardini, Sama, the Ferruzzi, Sergio Cragnotti and a bevy of consultants were in Corso Matteotti in Milan for the final act. The proposal for a third to Ferruzzi, in Gardini (which brings its Srl) and Cragnotti (C & P). Gardini the dispute. The Ferruzzi to be accepted by all, except riaquisire a position if things go well. When the night seemed the deal concluded, Gardini adds a condition: the support or at least the neutrality of Mediobanca. Cragnotti disagrees. But in the aftermath Sama is sent via Filodrammatici. After a dramatic week of silence, a Saturday morning, the President of the Comit Luigi Fausti call to Gardini. It lets him know that the answer is no. The commissioner Ferruzzi is a little later, on June 4, with the act of surrender signed by Sama that lays its arms at the feet of the banks. "The greatest part of those loans - will defend itself 12 days after Gianni Zanda, president of the San Paolo di Torino, the first Italian bank creditor - was paid in respect of operating companies with positive cash flow, which is able to meet its commitments. " But back does not return. Never.

FRIDAY. Outside the window, Belgaum in the square in Milan, there is a jackhammer in action, with all its cargo of decibels. After reading the newspapers, without a shower and breakfast, Raul Gardini put a wall between himself and the world without anyone hear the detonation. Suspected of running it. Two years later, the Court dismisses the hypothesis of murder. The respondents from Ravenna Sole-24 Ore turn up their noses. Idina, who meanwhile has made peace with the brothers, made erratic statements on the matter. But friends and closest associates have no doubts about the authorship of this gesture. An act related to the dissolution of the Ferruzzi group, which has since been dismembered and sold in pieces: Even Citigroup, the first recipient in absolute terms, but without adhering to the rescue plan has not lost a single penny. But the gesture of a man who, to put it in a nutshell, he hated to lose. And maybe you did not want to point the finger on the rest of the Ferruzzi family, as he recently told the financier Sergio Cusani, the biggest "victim" of the process Enimont, which was not a friend of Gardini.
But that silence is a hard choice, because the others do not will never understand. This incredible human and family went away with a space in the history of Italy, but leaving open small curiosities that might help to write it. Why Enimont has been excluded from the process the crime Curt's court, though he was relevant? Why Gardini was guilty of corruption, if the first payment of the bribe Enimont was done three weeks after his dismissal? And if he was involved, what was this really Enimont who has left behind three suicide? (There is also Sergio Castellari, an official of the State Holdings). Because the back-to-back operations were canceled in '91 and then reappear in the budget Montedison of '92? And then - would conclude the man in the street - why throw away the wealth in the wind, in this way?
"If the family had not split - Hole sighs, as a good Ravenna - the Ferruzzi would still be there." The headquarters general of the empire would be where he was. At number 20 Via Romolo Gessi.


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